Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 13

Fund - Essay Example limited restitution period, bookkeeping pace of return, net present worth, inside pace of return, changed pace of return and benefit list (Shapiro and Balbirer, 2003, pp.242). In any case, I discover Net Present Value (NPV) as the most dependable capital planning strategy. I will bolster my point by giving a careful relative examination of NPV with the four most basic methods, bookkeeping pace of return, recompense period and inside pace of return. Every technique is clarified with the assistance of numerical models found in the Appendix. Net Present Value is a strategy which considers the time estimation of cash. NPV for a venture is determined by discovering the current worth (PV) of all the future incomes, which the interest in the task is required to produce. The PV of future incomes is found by limiting them at the normal pace of return or cost of capital. At that point, whole of the PV of all incomes is contrasted and the expense of speculation (Hampton, 1998, pp. 328). The determination rule of a task is that, if the PV of future incomes is more noteworthy than the underlying expense of venture, the undertaking ought to be chosen. As it were, NPV discloses to us the current worth of incomes which would be created by the undertaking in future; consequently, if the underlying speculation that we make today is less that the normal incomes present worth, it implies we will take care of our expense, at exactly that point it will be insightful to choose a task. The recipe to compute NPV is aggregate of present estima tions of future incomes less introductory speculation cost. A standard says that any undertaking which has NPV more noteworthy than $0 ought to be chosen, nonetheless, if there should be an occurrence of totally unrelated ventures; where you need to pick one out of the considerable number of choices, pick the one which shows a higher NPV. The accompanying passages will do a top to bottom investigation of the points of interest and drawbacks of utilizing this procedure, with the goal that we can have a more clear thought regarding circumstances when it can profoundly help speculation

Business Processes and Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Processes and Systems - Essay Example The principle goal of an advertising system lies in the confirmation of the nature, way, quality and connection between ecological factors in explicit circumstances and promoting blend basics (Thompson and Strickland, 2008). A promoting system is created so as to manufacture, keep up and protect a company’s serious edge. Activities the board includes creation, warehousing, buying, transportation, upkeep and arranging. Operational procedure includes a lot of bearings for explicit undertakings and work force. It includes getting the organization through an item from direct A toward B. Advertising systems manage long haul destinations of the organization while operational procedures center around momentary ones. They are set to be accomplished inside a particular period. Promoting systems are set up so the organization can develop through rivalry with different organizations in a similar market (Phelan and Ferreia, 2002). Operational procedures, then again, work contingent upon t he set out advertising techniques. The methodologies incorporate such focuses as how to draw in potential clients, how to boost needs and how to meet consumer loyalty through effective administrations. Promoting blend turns into a piece of operational showcasing along these lines. Showcasing procedures include the streamlining of promoting forms. This implies they guarantee that request of a particular item is diverted the correct way. It includes the making of more needs among clients, which is obviously at a sensible rate. The advertising systems utilized must not exclusively be executed through sensible, sound and steady practices. The procedures should likewise be dynamic and intuitive. Operational methodologies, when satisfactorily actualized, get an organization the most benefit for minimal measure of assets. The perception is that showcasing procedures allude to a company’s long haul way to deal with situating itself in its business sectors (Bhurian, Menguc, and Bell, 2007). Operational techniques allude to the everyday methodology of overseeing angles, for example, estimating and ad. This, thusly, shapes the drawn out course of the organization. Furnished with the above data, it is conceivable to assess the connection among showcasing and operational techniques at Pars Food Limited. The organization has a system of upper hand and separation. This implies one of its showcasing methodologies is quality conveyance. One of their goals is to have the ability to serve customers from their area, any place it might be. The expectation here is to support conveyance when required, along these lines making more needs. This will convert into consistent gracefully and more benefits. Obviously, that relates well with the company’s business system of maintainable benefit. One of the company’s operational methodologies is transport sourcing inside the organization. This will undoubtedly lessen the present expenses of re-appropriating transport. Tr ansport is a significant part of tasks in this organization as its utilization is prove from the underlying sourcing of the material to the last conveyance of item to clients (Brooksbank, 2010). Conveyance of administration to clients any place they might be is one of Pars Food Limited’s promoting systems. Remembering quality and consistence, it would be satisfactory for the organization to have its own vehicle implies for

that time of year

that time of year… its that time of year folks, the time of year that I dont even have the strength to capitalize properly no more (nor the energy to invest in proper grammar standardized english). Its the time of year (midterms, projects, psets galore!) that I kinda wish I was anywhere but here. Summer cannot get here fast enough. My brain is very fried. Theres only a couple things that have kept me going. And a big one is listening to this video on a loop: You are in the front yard of your aunts house.   You have many aunts. One of them is your fathers sister, Askale. The rest are her sisters, The Little Sisters of Jesus. Askale is a sister of that order. Why shouldnt it be that all her sisters are your aunts, too?   Theyve known you since you were small. Coming here is always a repreivea faint smell of cattle hide, grass, earth, flowers. Trees. Its both noisier and quieter than the city. Here, the sounds of birds and insects fill in where youre used to hearing cars, or horns, or construction. Its warm. Its sunny. You dont know when youll have the chance to be here again, thousands of miles away from where you normally live and go to school. You want to capture this moment, a very regular day, yet extraordinary all the same.   So you take out your phone and you start filming, just capturing the moment.   One of the aunties laughs at you. Are you taking a photo, a photo of me? she says. You just smile and follow a sound from the garden. Its the chickens, under a coffee tree, next to it, an avocado tree. It frames the solar water heater, metal being overtaken by grassits long been broken.   You turn back to the concrete houses and look up, up into the trees, to see if you can spot a lemur. There were so many there the last time you came.   When will you be here again? When will you have the time to feel like thiscalm, happy, patient, whole. Instead of thousands of miles away, your relatives live just down the dirt path, a short walk. The aunties are preparing the coffee ceremony. The cattle are grazing quietly. And everyone knows you here, greets you by your name, and your fathers name, and inevitably, his fathers name too.   Its midday, in Kafa.

The Strategic Board Game Strategy - 1153 Words

The strategic board game, Diplomacy, focuses on wars, but more importantly the act of negotiating. The players are responsible for forming strategies by both developing and breaking alliances with their competitors. The game is set in Europe during World War I with most teams beginning with similar resources. Each player-team competes as an either Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Italy, England, France, Russia, or Germany. With at least three home-center game pieces on the board, there are strategic movements in order to control one of the eighteen supply centers. This involves phases of negotiation prior to movement of the game piece. There is no factor of luck. The main variable in the game is each team’s ability to convince the others to do what they want. The core game strategy is negotiation. This board game at times mirrors actual history and educates the players as to the method by which a world war can happen. Both in the game and in actual life, everyone is envious of E ngland because of its location and resources as well as having a developed army. Russia Germany and France are potential threats. Many of the alliances that occurred during World War I did not actually happen in our game of Diplomacy. There were several shocking twists and turns. In our game, Italy and Russia stayed rather benign and non-engaging. They moved some pieces out of their countries; however, they primarily just protected their home countries. Germany, just as in a real life map, isShow MoreRelatedBudgeting And Overall Financial Planning931 Words   |  4 Pagesand not allow for much give, or it might provide a number that vastly outweighs the true amount that will be spent. Whatever the situation, it allocates a certain amount of money toward that area of the business. 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Throughout the world millions of laborers and children in...

Throughout the world millions of laborers and children in Third World Countries work in sweatshops. In these facilities workers are abused, underpaid, and cramped into unsanitary working conditions full of disease and death. Nonetheless, workers cannot abandon the sweatshops they work in, because they fear their families would starve. If fired they could easily be replaced by another readily worker; that is why workers dont oppose their employers injustices, because they fear becoming unemployed. In large corporations from third world countries, laborers only earn an insignificant percentage of the large revenue that the corporation makes daily. They work for long hours, more than what the U.S Department of Labor considers legal for one†¦show more content†¦As described in the article, â€Å"Outsourcing - Pros And Cons† by Kristin Carpenter; â€Å"Outsourcing is basically the practice of one company to contract another company to provide the services that could have been performed by their own staff†¦. One of the main reasons why companies are into outsourcing is diminished company resources, both in financial terms and in manpower costs† (Carpenter). Because the most powerful American corporations in the U.S are no longer producing their merchandise in the U.S but in developing nations, in order to reduce the cost of labor and increase productivity, the United States no longer has companies that produce jobs in America. And due to the gradual growth of the use of outsourcing, American employment opportunity has decline greatly, leaving many people unemployed and harming our economic strength in the world. In addition outsourcing is also the result of globalization; Jagdish Bhagwati’s definition of globalization says, â€Å"Globalization is integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flow, migration, and the spread of technology throughout the world† (Bhagwati 8). Finn implies that globalization is the major factor for the exploitation of cheap foreign labor in third world countries and the main causeShow MoreRelatedVo : A Family Friend With An Interesting Story1004 Words   |  5 PagesKaiden Vo was born in Da Nang, Vietnam in 1978. He immigrated to the United states with his mother and his brother in September of 1992, when he was 14 years old. Kaiden is now 36 and has two daughters (ages 2 and 6). I chose to interview him because he is a family friend with an interesting story. Kaiden first migrated from Da Nang to Ho Chi Minh city by train. 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Cis 101 Quiz Free Essays

Exam Name_ ______ Chapter 6 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The main advantages of a notebook computer are all of the following EXCEPT: 1) __D____ A) Wireless Internet access is easy to install. We will write a custom essay sample on Cis 101 Quiz or any similar topic only for you Order Now B) They take up little space. C) They are portable. D) You get more speed for a lower price. 2) The main disadvantages of a desktop computer as compared to notebooks are the following EXCEPT: 2) __D____ A) A desktop computer is harder to move around. B) A desktop computer requires more space. C) A desktop computer is difficult to transport for repair. D) A desktop computer is more expensive. 3) CPU speed is measured in: 3) __D____ A) nanoseconds. B) megabytes. C) bits per second (bps). D) Hertz. 4) The amount of RAM recommended for most systems today is measured in: 4) __D____ A) Megahertz. B) Gigahertz. C) KB. D) GB. 5) ________ are fast becoming the most preferred means of portable storage. 5) __D____ A) DVDs B) CDs C) Floppy disks D) Flash drives Read also Quiz Week 4 6) All of the following can be connected to your computer through a port EXCEPT: 6) ___C___ A) scanner. B) an external hard drive. C) RAM. D) a printer. 7) Each of the following is a type of port EXCEPT: 7) ___C___ A) FireWire. B) Ethernet. C) FSB. D) USB. 8) An expansion card that translates binary data into images is a(n): 8) ___D___ A) game card. B) sound card. C) audio card. D) video card. 9) A MIDI port allows you to connect: 9) ___C___ A) scanners. B) notebooks. C) electronic musical instruments. D) digital cameras. 10) The technology that transmits data between two devices using infrared light waves is called: 10) _B____ A) Wi-Fi. B) IrDA. C)FireWire. D) Bluetooth. TRUE/FALSE. Write ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if the statement is false. 11) The CPU is located on the motherboard. 11) __T___ 12) The CPU is the temporary storage location for all the data and instructions the computer needs when it is running. 12) __F___ 13) Accessing data from the hard drive to send to the CPU is faster than accessing data from RAM. 13) __F___ 14) Hard drives have the largest storage capacity of any storage device. 14) __T___ 15) The main distinction between a desktop and a notebook is Internet connectivity. 15) __T___ 16) CPU stands for computer processing unit. 16) __F___ 17) When there is not enough RAM installed in your system, the system becomes memory bound. 17) __T___ 18) A sound card is attached to the inside of your computer’s speaker. 18) __F___ 19) RAM is your computer’s permanent storage space for data that is entered from the keyboard. 19) __F___ 20) The amount of memory your video card needs depends on what you want to display on your monitor. 20) __T___ SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 21) The time it takes a storage device to locate stored data and make it available for processing is called ________ time. 21) _Access Time__ 22) RAM is an example of ________ storage because when the power is off, RAM is cleared out. 22) _Temporary___ 23) The technology that uses radio waves to send data wirelessly over short distances is ________. 23) __Bluetooth Technology__ 24) USB stands for ________. 24) _Universal Serial Bus_ 25) The primary circuit board of the computer system is the ________. 25) _Motherboard_ How to cite Cis 101 Quiz, Essay examples

Marketing Plan for Tesla Motors Electric Cars

Question: Write the marketing plan for Tesla Motors Electric Cars. Answer: Introduction This particular report will conclude towards developing an overall marketing plan of the selected organization Tesla Motors Electric Cars. The chosen group in the report is Tesla Motors. This part of the study will evaluate about the background of the group, which will reflect the following points. The organization founded in the year 2003 in Auckland. The report will conclude what are the various elements that are required to develop a proper marketing plan, which is classified into four sections in the following part of the report. Task 1: Marketing Plan Financial Plan Fixed Cost Amount Building and Premises $ 7,200.00 Office Facilities $ 15,000.00 Power and telephone $ 24,000.00 Insurance $ 2,500.00 Miscellaneous cost $ 2,00.00 Marketing $ 3,000.00 Stuff Wages $ 266,400.00 Depreciation $ 6,750.00 Total $ 326,850.00 Variable Cost $ Shipping $ 0.65 Vendor and services $ 1.55 Raw Materials $ 32.80 Total $ 32.80 Financial Plan of Tesla Marketing Research Towards the development of a proper marketing, the most important parts, which need to investigate, is the development process of a real situation analysis process. The development process of a good situation analysis tool will evaluate both the internal environment as the external environment (Aaker, 2013). There are two important marketing tools, which need to analyze the application of the SWOT Analysis and use of PESTEL Analysis. With the help of the SWOT Analysis, the organization Tesla Motors will be able to develop an internal analysis process. On the other hand, the application of the PESTEL Analysis will allow the team to develop an overview of the external situation analysis (Barrow, Barrow, Brown, 2012). With the help of these two tools, the organization will be able to focus on a proper market research, which will conclude the demand and wants of the customers (Bowersox, 2013). Supply Chain Management It is one of the most crucial points to organize a good supply chain management in the majority of the manufacturing organizations. There are certain divisions of the supply chain management in the overall business process of the different manufacturing organization (Cateora, Gilly, Graham, 2013). However, the team in the study needs to concentrate more in the inbound logistic as well as in the outbound logistic. All the factors of both the logistics need to investigate in a proper manner, which will conclude all the crucial elements. There are different points in the overall supply chain management to meet the customers demand. Tesla Motors towards evaluating a proper supply chain management needs to concentrate on the following factors, which include law proceeding, inventory management, material planning, and warehousing are the four crucial factors, which need to develop for the overall business operations. It will be very much beneficial for the organization to concentrate on b oth the objectives, which includes general goals and operating objectives (Chopra Meindl, 2013). If the logistics, as well as the supply chain management of Tesla, is developed in a proper manner, the company will be benefited in the following way. Logistic is the best practice of trade and business. It leads to customers satisfaction through superior customer service and supports critical functions like marketing and operational management. The company develops all the factors which include inbound logistic, outbound logistic, third party logistic, fourth party logistic, and reserve logistics are the five highlighted point in the overall process towards development of a proper supply chain management. Manufacturing Process The manufacturing process will continue the transformation of raw material to finished goods. The primary manufacturing process of the organization, which Tesla follows in the business operations, includes the following steps. Casting and Foundry, forming or metalworking, machining, joining and assembly, rapid prototyping and other factors are some of the crucial elements, which are included in the overall manufacturing process of the organization. The company needs to develop the production process in an efficient manner, which will ensure the optimum utilization of resources (Cordon, Hald, Seifert, 2012). It is familiar that resources of the different organization are limited. With the help of the scarce resources, it is the job of the manager to analyze the entire situation towards the development of a proper marketing plan. To ensure the optimum utilization of resources the management needs to focus on these factors, which will automatically increase the efficiency of the work a nd on some point of time, it automatically reduces the wastes, which take place in the overall manufacturing process (Cordon, Hald, Seifert, 2012). Task 2: Manufacturing Process This point of the study will focus on different modes of production, which includes Job production batch production and mass production (Drake, 2012). However, this part will investigate the entire how similar products manufactured in this particular industry and what are the different factors, which will conclude one manufacturing layout from process, repetitive and product. Tesla Motors develop an innovative product, which will allow finding a proper solution to solve different issues of the in recent times, which includes global warming and depletion of fossil fuels. Apart from Tesla, one of the major competitors in this particular industry is Nissan, which develops Volt vehicles ("Volt Vehicles", 2016). New Zealand is one of the highly pollution free countries which follows different measures and promotes various steps to make an entire corruption free country. Both the companies develop a modern and innovative product. It is very much important for the both the organizations to conclude the overall market structure. There is more than one firm, which is operating its business in the same industry, which can be finished as the monopolistic marketing structure. Batch, Job, and Mass production process are the three modes of production, which this two organization concentrates on the overall operational process of the business. Among the three available methods, the company would likely to use Batch method because it will help the company to get a proper analysis of market demand and supply. Task 3: Location and Manufacturing This point of the study will conclude what are different factors, which will find about the site and the cost of the business operations. To evaluate all the elements in a proper manner, there are three additional points, which are highlighted in the follow part of the study (Mobile marketing and advertising 2013, 2012). The first point is the notion of the location decision, which is based on low cost, which includes careful considerations. Once in place, site-related expenses are fixed in place, and it is very much difficult to reduce the overall proceedings towards determining the actual place (McKeever, 2012). The final point is the evolution of the optimum facility location is a good investment. To evaluate all the factors in a much compelling manner, the organization needs to focus more on cost, as it is one of the most significant factors which includes certain barriers and challenges (Malhotra, 2013). Towards developing a proper location strategy, there are certain key elemen ts, which will conclude the site decision towards identifying an appropriate location in or close to Auckland. The four factors, which need to evaluate in a proper manner, include key success elements, which are reflected in the following part of the study. Site size and cost, air, rail, highway and waterway system, zoning restrictions, the proximity to services as well as supplies and environmental impact issues are the five fundamental factors which Tesla need to evaluate in a proper manner (Lysons Farrington, 2012). However, the company needs to focus on different factors, which affects the location decisions and includes the following elements. Exchange rates and currency risk which leads towards a significant impact on cost and prices changes over time. The other factor is cost, which includes an investment of both tangible assets as well as intangible assets (Jacobs Chase, 2013). However, proximity to markets and proximity to suppliers are some of the additional factors, which are focused on the following ways to evaluate the factors, which concludes a proper location decision process of the organization. The notion of the weighted factor approach reaches towards identifying a suitable location in Auckland. To enter into this particular point in an efficient manner, there are six steps, which need to develop towards finding a weighted factor approach (Hood, 2013). The following part of the study will ensure what are different kinds of factors, which needs to be evaluated in a proper manner, which will provide an appropriately weighted factor approach. Developing a list of relevant factors, which are known as the critical success factors. Assigning a weight to each factor and development of a scale for a proper measurement of each factor are analyzed in the right and efficient way (Gupta, Massisimo, Koontz, 2013). Task 4: Development of a proper Project Planning Planning is the primary step, which every organization needs to develop at the initial stage of the organizational activities. The development of an appropriate project plan includes the procedures, which needs to execute in the following ways (Drake, 2012). The development of a proper project planning includes a suitable Gantt chart, which will conclude towards identifying a completion date and its stage gate and various success criteria. However also to this particular report, the roles of the project manager are explained in a proper manner for this project. The role of the manager contributes one of the most significant aspects of the overall operational management of the organization (Cordon, Hald, Seifert, 2012). The notion of the stage gate process includes six methods towards creating a proper stage gate process. The company needs to classify the overall stage gate process in the following divisions. The first factor is to analyze the findings of the business case (Chopra M eindl, 2013). The second factor includes the notion of the feasibility, which is followed by the third elements, which is known as the concept of the schematic designs. The fourth factor is known as the development process of research design. The fifth factor known as the notion of the preconstruction and the final element concludes the idea of construction (Cateora, Gilly, Graham, 2013). Time Horizon Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week7 Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Task 6 Task 7 Time horizon of Tesla Motors The application of this particular time horizon will allow the company to develop different kinds of plans and proceedings, towards executing a proper project planning for the organization. With the application of this particular time horizon the project manager, need to incorporate all the findings in an appropriate as well as in an executed manner (Cateora, Gilly, Graham, 2013). There are certain organizational goals and activities which majority of the firms depending upon the objectives of the business develops in the managerial operations. However, it is one of the most challenging jobs for different management to allocate the right job for the right person. Tesla needs to hire a manager to execute all the plans and in a justified manner (Bowersox, 2013). The overall recruitment process needs to base towards maintaining an on-field requirement process, which will ensure a proper hiring process of the manager based on practical experience. Conclusion The concluding part of the study will analyze all the crucial factors, which are required by the organization towards the execution of the proper marketing plan. The overall report is classified into four sections, which includes the development process financial plan, market research that includes a correct application of situation analysis and maintaining a good supply chain management. The second point needs to be incorporated in an appropriate manner, which will support the job, batch, and mass production system which will conclude about the different firms operating its business in the same industry. The third point of the assignment will demonstrate what are the elements, which will influence as well as affect towards determining a proper geographical location for the company. The final point will assess the establishment of an appropriate production facility, which will ensure towards the achievement of the common organizational goals and activities. It includes the developmen t process of the proper grant chart, which will maintain an appropriate time horizon and will equally distribute the task accordingly. Reference List Aaker, D. (2013).Marketing research. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Barrow, C., Barrow, P., Brown, R. (2012).The business plan workbook. London: Kogan Page. Bowersox, D. (2013).Supply chain logistics management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Cateora, P., Gilly, M., Graham, J. (2013).International marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Chopra, S. Meindl, P. (2013).Supply chain management. Boston: Pearson. Cordon, C., Hald, K., Seifert, R. (2012).Strategic supply chain management. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Drake, M. (2012).Global supply chain management. [New York, N.Y.] (222 East 46th Street, New York, NY 10017): Business Expert Press. Gupta, D., Massisimo, A., Koontz, C. (2013).Marketing Library and Information Services II. Berlin: De Gruyter. Hood, D. (2013).The marketing manifesto. London: Kogan Page. Jacobs, F. Chase, R. (2013).Operations and supply chain management. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Lysons, K. Farrington, B. (2012).Purchasing and supply chain management. Harlow, Essex: Pearson Financial Times. Malhotra, N. (2013).Review of marketing research. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. McKeever, M. (2012).How to write a business plan. Berkeley, CA: Nolo. Mobile marketing and advertising 2013. (2012). [Place of publication not identified].

Limitation of Managerial Economics free essay sample

E conomists are a paragon of virtue, rationality and common sense amidst a sea of ignorance, superstition and irrationality. They are probably right, but, sometimes it is good to state a case in strong terms, to make people think. However, I feel there is a need to redress the balance and point out the many mistakes and limitations of Economics which are stated below. Economics is difficult John Maynard Keynes said economics is very difficult and many people underestimate how difficult it is. In Maths 2+2 always equals 4, but in economics it usually depends on countless variables almost too difficult to take into account. To give one example, the link between the Money supply and inflation. This equation can be used to define a link between money growth and inflation that depends on the evolution of money. Velocity of money suggests there is a correlation between the money supply and inflation. (As most non economists would tell you if you print money you will cause inflation). We will write a custom essay sample on Limitation of Managerial Economics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But, in practise the growth of the money supply is influenced by so many variables such as technological change, velocity of circulation and consumer behaviour that M3 growth statistics became almost meaningless. MV=PY is great in theory but in practise it is difficult to make anything out of it. Forecasting the Future It is difficult to forecast the future; yet in economic policy making, it becomes important. Go back to May 2007 and how many economists were predicting a fall in UK house prices of 25% and the deepest recession since the war? I wasnt and certainly not one of the treasury economists, who were predicting stable growth of 2% and a reduction in the governments borrowing. Of course, there were people predicting a house price collapse and they have been proved right. (Though some of them started predicting a house price collapse back in 2000. ) Difficult in knowing where you are One of the great challenges is knowing the current state of the economy. For example, Chinas growth and unemployment figures are always viewed with suspicion. There is great debate about what the US inflation rate is it depends which model you use. Recently, the US GDP statistics were revised meaning that the economy was in recession much earlier than previously thought. How can you make good policy when you dont even know what happened in the past? Let alone predict the future. Using Old Models In a way, this recession is unusual in that it wasnt preceded by an inflationary boom. The government felt that as long as inflation is under control, the economy must be sustainable. However, the mistake was to ignore an asset and lending bubble. The problem is that it is not sufficient to rely on previous experiences. As the economy develops old models become less relevant as they stick to old traditions and data which is useless. Ideology A good economist would be free from ideology and have a willingness to revise theory in light of empirical evidence that doesnt match up to their beliefs or expectations. However, in practise many dislike evidence which doesnt agree with their point of view. For example, some economists place great faith in the virtues of the free market and therefore take a lazy attitude in assuming free markets will always lead to increase economic welfare. The problem is that free markets can often be beneficial. But, at the same time, there will always be exceptions; you cant make generalisations that free markets are always best nor can you make generalisations that free markets are always wrong. Another example of ideological economics could be the assumption that if privatisation works in one country it must be good for other countries too. Free trade is another example. Most economists will tell you free trade is beneficial. But, this doesnt necessarily mean developing countries should always stick to the free trade mantra. There can be exceptions to every rules, for example the infant industry argument.

Supply Chain and Logistical Tools and Techniques

Supply Chain and Logistical Tools and Techniques New Product Development New Product Development refers to a distinct set of activities that companies use to develop and introduce a product into the market. It has a two concurrent phases. On one hand, there is the product design process culminating in a viable market, while on the other hand, there is the marketing component that starts from market research and ends with the purchase of the product by the eventual consumer. Solar Technical (SL) is a medium sized company that distributes solar products.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Supply Chain and Logistical Tools and Techniques specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It specialises in solar water heating systems. It fabricates solar water tanks for clients that have needs not covered within the conventional systems provided by manufacturers. There have been some problems with the current operations because of problems with the company’s supply chain. This paper will investigate the potential to improve the supply chain performance of the company. In particular, it will compare the potential to improve the supply chain by examining the New Product Development process at SL. Current Operations and Supply Chain SL is a medium sized company with about thirty employees. It has a technical department that deals with the installation of solar water equipment in client premises. It also fabricates special order tanks and accessories to meet unique needs of the specific clients. It also coordinates Research and Development (RD) activities. Other departments of interest include the sales and marketing department that create and execute a marketing strategy. The company deals with a high number of suppliers that includes international manufacturers of solar power equipment. The company aims at holding the widest variety of solar water heaters as its specialty. It also resells products made by local manufacturers as a distributor. For some brand s, the company serves as the distribution point to smaller retailers in the solar industry. When the company fabricates tanks, it sources for components from a wide array of suppliers, both locally and internationally. Table 1 shows the process diagram used to deliver the tanks to the clients. Table 1: Process diagram for fabricated water tanksAdvertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Strengths of the Current Supply Chain The current supply chain has two strengths. The organization of the technical department tries to use Just in Time manufacturing methods to produce the tanks as soon as it establishes the demand for them. The department does not keep an inventory to make the tanks, except what in need to fill in a week’s demand based on demand foresting figures. This measure is responsible for the reduced need for storage places for materials, and losses due t o damage to materials. Delays in supply of materials are rare and far between because the suppliers of most of the components also supply other industries in the regions with the same materials. The second strength of the current supply chain comes from the highly streamlined manufacturing process that uses computer based modelling to develop designs. The department also uses computer aided manufacturing methods for cutting the aluminium sheets that form the body of the water tanks. The welding process takes place by manual means because of the differences in the shapes of the tanks. The welding workshop connects to the testing centre where the company tests the tanks for leaks before the final assembly. This reduces the risk of defective work and returns from clients further down the supply chain. Weaknesses of the Current Supply Chain The most serious weakness in the supply chain is the exposure to disruptions in supply of materials. While the company do have a record of any serio us disruption in the supply of any of the material it needs for its solar water tanks, it is always aware of the disruption in business such a disruption would cause. The second weakness in the supply chain is a weakness in the manufacturing process. The quality of the tanks depends a lot on the skill of the welders that they seem to be indispensable. This puts the company at the risk of losing its manufacturing prowess if any of the welders move on. The impact of losing the welders can cost the company a lot of money in lost business. The third problem with the current supply chain is that there is always need to send a technical person to a client’s location to determine the required dimensions for the custom tanks. This work is too skilled for the marketers. However, it costs the company a lot more time to get this information because after the marketing team finds an interested client, then the company sends an engineer to the site. This brings about a high cost of labour .Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Supply Chain and Logistical Tools and Techniques specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Application of New Product Development The new product development process can help SL to develop a better way of managing its productions process. The solutions are not in the reengineering of the processes but increasing their efficiency. New product development follows a distinct path Idea Generation This is the first step in developing a new product. The need for new ideas comes from various aspects. In the case of SL, there is always a need to consider the best shape to use to construct solar hot water tanks. The main reason for this is that most of the clients that ask for custom tanks cannot use standard ones to meet their construction needs. Such needs include very small spaces to fit the tanks, or unusually shaped spaces where conventional tanks cannot fit. Initial Screening of Ideas Afte r generating different ideas, a team should reduce them to a few workable ones based on thermal qualities, manufacturability and cost. This stage will reduce the risk of creating a tank that is too expensive, or one that will take too long to fabricate. Technical Evaluation This stage addresses the need to evaluate in detail the final design that makes it past the initial screening. The role of technical design is to determine the manufacturability of the product along the lines of the processes required, the availability of the tools, materials and expertise. Commercial Evaluation The question for SL in this stage is to determine whether the client can meet the cost of production of the tank. This stage will determine whether the tank will come off the production line or otherwise. If a tank requires more money than a client is willing to pay, then it is not viable to produce it. Final Development Finally, SL can settle down to produce the product. In this case, it will involve che cking the inventory to ensure all the materials are in the store, setting up the manufacturing line, and alerting all staff on the production line to play their role. After production, the installation team takes it to the client. SL should always plan for more than one tank when the manufacturing is going on to ensure that the client has other options ready for manufacture if the client rejects the best tank offered by the company. In the case of SL, the product launch would compare to the delivery of the product to the client. Table 2 below shows the resource implications of new product development, while Table 3 shows the network diagram for the same process.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More New product Development Process Current Practice Recommended Practice Required Resources Human Time Money Idea Generation Use of existing designs fitting the approximate needs of new clients Use old designs as one source of ideas but develop fresh ideas based on unique client requirements Marketing and technical teams 30 minutes Initial Screening of Ideas No comparisons made, the chosen existing idea goes to production Reduce the new and old ideas to at least three ideas that can move to evaluation stage Marketing and technical manager 30 minutes Technical Evaluation For new ideas, conduct technical evaluation Technical manager 1 hour Commercial Evaluation Always conduct commercial evaluation because of changes in economic environment Marketing manager 1 hour Final Development Develop the best idea based on the technical and commercial evaluation Technical team 2 days Product Launch Product sent to client Send product to client Technical team 3 hours Tab le 2: Resource implications of the new product development cycleTable 3: Project network diagram with critical path Reference List Flannes, S. Levin, G., 2005. Essential People Skills for Project Managers. Vienna, VA: Management Concepts. Gilson, S., 2010. Creating Value Through Corporate Restructuring: Case Studies in Bankruptcies, Buyouts, and Breakups. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. Iliescu, D.C., 2008. Customer Based Time-to-Event Models for Cancellation Behaviour: A Revenue Management Intergrated Approach. Dissertation. Gorgia: ProQuest Georgia Institute of Technology. Kerzner, H., 2009. Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling and Controlling. 10th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons. Kopezak, L. Lee, H., 1994. Coordinated Product and Supply Chain Design. Case Study, pp.331-404. Meredeth, J.R. Mantel, S.J., 2011. Project Management: A Managerial Approach. 8th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.

Answer two question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Answer two question - Essay Example In the pursuit of the church to bring back to the faith in Christianity, the religious institution has hired artists to create artworks that are filled with intense emotions. This can be seen on how one of the premier painters, Michelangelo Caravaggio used diagonal lines and painterly techniques, especially the chiaroscuro, to provide depth, emotions and sensuality in his paintings. One of the noticeable paintings is the Supper at Emmaus. In this case, there is a realistic portrayal of the narrative of the last supper, which is a clear diversion from the traditional linear perspective presentation. In the paintings, it can be seen that the image is taken as a complete whole. If one of the elements is taken away, it loses it the essence. Another common property of these artworks is to extend the artworks confinement beyond the canvas. This can be seen also in the way sculpture and architecture interacted to convey the intensity of emotions that totally redefined views on art. Gian Lorenzo Bernini’s work Esctasy of St. Theresa is one the groundbreaking artworks of the said period that shows a religious subject matter that was conveyed in a highly emotional composition. In this sculpture, the light shows the angel’s role as messenger by carrying an arrow to be used as a piercer for St. Theresa’s heart. Inasmuch, the suspended emotions of St. Theresa, in a state of ecstasy creates awe because of her reclining form and expression of an intense emotion as a response to the angel’s gestures. At the same time, the sculpture interacts with the architecture because it can be seen as an altar. It can be seen that flow or movement present in the artworks, together with the way they are situated posits intense emotionality. The traditional, religious images (having halos and other divine attributes) have been converted into

Research Proposal (Measure the relation between motivation and Essay

Research Proposal (Measure the relation between motivation and effective performance management) - Essay Example Performance management, in the same context, is a human relations approach to organisational goal-setting which distributes company strategy and identifies employee productivity factors leading to employee discipline or reward. There are, conceptually, five standard steps used in the performance management process that include communicating clear organisational goals, applying managerial practices that encourage employee performance, identifying actual performance levels, producing positive or negative outcomes to employee performance, and evaluating whether organisational goals can be met through the current level of employee productivity. It is proposed that a successful performance manager be aware of the circumstances that affect employee motivation from a psychological standpoint and apply a rather clinical methodology in distribution of productivity feedback for the employee targeted for increased motivation. Essentially, an organisation cannot meet its strategic goals without the assistance of employee talents, therefore, a performance managers role in satisfying employees needs directly impacts company outputs. How does a performance manager, then, handle the role of satisfying employee needs without sacrificing organisational objectives? This study of performance management versus impact on employee motivation will first examine the psychological aspect of human nature by observing Abraham Maslows recognised Hierarchy of Needs. According to Maslow, each individual possesses five main principles that affect intrapersonal satisfaction. He proposes physiological needs (basic elements of survival) as a first step toward fulfilment. Following forward in motivation is the need for safety and security, moving next to love and belonging, then creating a positive self-image, and finally reaching a level of self-actualisation in which the person develops complete satisfaction with overall existence. Maslow

Unemployment In Jamaica Cause and Effect

Unemployment In Jamaica Cause and Effect This project is consisting of information on unemployment in Jamaica and what can be done to improve employment. Unemployment is macroeconomics There are different types of unemployment such as frictional unemployment this is a type of voluntary unemployment that arises because of the time needed to match job seekers with job openings, structural unemployment this happens when a large amount of unemployed workers (labor force) isnt qualify for a large amount of labor force demand. seasonal unemployment, this is when persons are employed temporary for reasons such as a hotel or supermarket needing extra help because of a season (Christmas, summer) but will cut loose those workers when that season period is finish and cyclical unemployment this is used to refer to the fluctuation in unemployment that is incurred by business cycles, more specially, the unemployment caused by economic recessions. In this project you will find information on this problem and why it is consider being an ec onomic one, the theories and model pertaining to unemployment, recommend economic concepts and inventions that can be employed to correct unemployment and the benefits of applying these concepts and inventions. What is the economic problem? Unemployment in Jamaica Unemployment Spikes to 14.1% with 23,000 Jobs lost Unemployment is one of the main problems affecting Jamaica. According to Streetdirectory, Unemployment refers to the condition and extent of joblessness within an economy, and is measured in terms of the unemployment rate, which is the number of unemployed workers divided by the total civilian labor force. (Sinha, 2012) According to The Gleaner, published Friday May 18, 2012, Some 23,000 jobs were lost last year after the current survey was done. In January 2012, The Labor force Survey release in May put the unemployment rate at 14.1 per cent compared to last year, which was at 12.9 per cent. The labor force has grown to 177,200 and the latest survey shows that some 9,300 people dropped out of the labor force, cutting the pool from 1.27 million to 1.26 million. The Gleaner also stated that The result for the January 2012 survey, which was conducted over the period December 18-24, estimate that there are 686,900 males and 573,700 women in the labor force. The employed pool totaled 1.08 million, of which was 56.7 per cent or 614,800 are men and 468,600 or 43 per cent are women. The Gleaner also states that, The spike in unemployment is heavily skewed towards females among whom the unemployment rate is 18.3 per cent, while for men it is 10.5 per cent. Sectors with the largest jobs cuts over one year included construction, 10,900 jobs lost, and professionals, senior officials and technician, 10,200 cuts. Statin estimates that the persons seeking work in the January 2012 survey as increased by 4.3 per cent. The effects unemployment has on Jamaica Unemployment affects majority of our Jamaicans especially the inter city areas and in particular the youth of this area. Unemployment creates many problems such as crime and violence, lowering of ones self-esteem, and poverty. Etc. Crime and Violence comes to present because when unemployed person are in need and cannot assist themselves or other, they turn to robbing and killing others to satisfy their needs and wants. The lowering of ones self-esteem may occur when they see another working and being able to assist themselves while he/she cant do the same. This can lead to crime and violence. Poverty is a big issue in today economy and most unemployed person are the one facing this situation. When person cant work and afford things, this lead to financial problems, divorce, children losing their education and health, hunger, fights and more which then can lead to poverty. Why consider unemployment to be an economic problem? 1. Unemployment is an economic problem due to the fact that when the economy is not doing well, businesses begin to lay off workers 2. It affects consumer confidence in terms of consumers that are employed will start to devote their money more in savings than to spend it on unnecessary items because of the fear of them losing their jobs. 3. High unemployment creates pressure on the government budget. High unemployment reduces the total taxation receipts the government receives because people without an income wont be able to pay their income tax. This will then place a drain on the government funds as the unemployed claim the job search allowance. 4. Unemployment reduces the output of goods and service that could otherwise have been produced by unemployed labor force. If unemployment rate is very high, an economy will produce below its potential. Etc Question 2 Economic Theories and model pertaining to this problem Classical economic theory 1. According to the lead authors, Global Development and Environment Institute, Neva R. Goodwin, Julie A. Nelson, Frank Ackerman, Thomas Weisskopf classical economic theory, unemployment is seen as a sign that smooth labor market functioning is being obstructed in some way. The classical approach assumes that markets behave as described by idealized supply-and-demand model. The labor market is seen as though it were a single, static market, characterized by perfect competition, spot transaction, and institutions for double auction bidding (Global Development and Environment, 2006). Resume help for Unemployed Assess the Gap 2. According to Teena Rose, director of resume-writing firm ExpertResume.com, the best way to address an employment gap depends on how long one has been out of work. She states that if one is unemployed for a year or less, then the best thing to do is to not say anything. This is not necessary to place on resume (Kim Isaacs, 2012). 3. Short Run Phillip Curve The short run Phillips curve shows the inverse relationship between unemployment and inflation rate. According to theory, when there is high unemployment, producers can set lower wages and still attract labor. When unemployment level is low, firms will have to pay high wages in order to attract labor as there wouldnt be much competition between them. This theory contradicts with two of the four main aims of the government low/stable inflation rate and low unemployment level. Question 3 Economic concepts or intervention that can be used to correct unemployment 1. According to Kimberly Amadeo and About.com Guide, the solution for unemployment is obviously to create new jobs. They state that a healthy economic growth rate of 2-3% is enough to create the 150,000 new jobs needed to keep unemployment from rising. (Kimberly Amadeo, 2012) 2. According to Answers, the solution for unemployment can be correct in many ways, such as, a) cutting in real wage, cutting in real wage are a reaction to the view that through their demands for higher wages, some groups of workers have priced themselves out of a job. b) Unemployment agencies could tighten their job search and acceptance requirement. c) Improving the education and training provided to young people, with a greater focus on vocational skills. d) Government support to struggling industries in order to try and save jobs. e) The government needs to try and create demand in economy. This could give grant to businesses to produce goods, have projects such as road building, cut interest rates to encourage spending and cut income tax to encourage spending. f) Countries need to ensure that their welfare systems do not provide disincentives to workers. (Answers, 2012) 3. Phillip curve Its a large believe that unemployment could be solve using the Phillips curve. This involves increasing inflation to reduce unemployment by fooling workers into accepting jobsat at a lower rate than they would otherwise have done, due to the declining value of money. 4. Demand side supplies Monetary policy and fiscal policy can both be used to increase short-term growth in the economy, increasing the demand for labor and decreasing unemployment. The demand for labor in an economy is derived from the demand for goods and services. As such, the demand for labor will increase, increasing employment and wages. 5. Supply side policies Minimum wages and union activity keep wages from falling, which means too many people want to sell their labor at the going price but cannot. Supply-side policies can solve this by making the labor market more flexible. This includes removing the minimum wage and reducing the power of unions, which act as a labor cartel. Other supply side policies include education to make workers more attractive to employers. Cutting taxes on businesses and reducing regulation, creates jobs and reduce unemployment. (curve) Question 4 What are the benefits of applying the economic concept above? 1. Creating new jobs Creating new jobs accommodates employment, growth in GDP, develop infrastructure, help to reduce depts and more. Having a job is essential in living life and retiring at a comfortable age and this is something that all individual looks forward to and without them having a job this may lead to crime and violence. The concept of creating new job will increase employment and decrease unemployment. 2. A. Cut in wage Not cutting the real wage can allow persons to keep their job instead of pricing themselves out. B. Unemployment agencies could tighten their acceptance requirement and job search. Job agencies tightening their acceptance requirement and job search could lead to more persons that are not fully qualified or have the right requirement to have the chance to be employed instead of them being unemployed. C. Improving the education and training provided to young people, with a greater focus on vocational skills. Improving the education and training of young adult will help them to be better equipped for the working world. One way is to train them by actually allowing them to do the work instead of teaching them orally and from them writing. This will help them to better understand and to have gained some experience. D. The government needs to try and create demand in economy. Government creating demand in the economy will also workers to produce more goods and interest rate will be cut which will then produce more spending of consumer. E. Government support to struggling industries in order to try and save jobs. Government supporting struggling industries and trying to save jobs will help in building the economy, reduce unemployment and more. 3. Supply side policies Inputting supply side policies will allow wage and union to not fall to a lower price so a lot of person will be able to sell their labor at a going price. This can make the labor market more flexible by removing the minimum wage and reducing the power of union, which act as a labor cartel. 4. Demand side supplies Monetary policy and fiscal policy can both be used to increase growth in the economy. This can increase the demand for labor and decrease unemployment, the demand for economy is derived from the demand for goods and services so the demand for labor will increase which will increase employment and wages. Recommendation I would strongly recommend that the government of Jamaica try to find new ways to implement strategies that can produce employment in Jamaica because with so many person unemployed, it is affecting the economy and also affecting the citizens. With so many persons being out of job it affects their daily life which leads to disaster such as robbery, crime and violence, lack of education to children and young adult and more. Conclusion It has been concluded that unemployment have a major effect on Jamaica economy. With unemployment rate increasing each year, it affects families, students and others. Unemployment is an economic problem due to the fact that when the economy is not doing well, businesses begin to lay off workers, It affects consumer confidence in terms of consumers that are employed will start to devote their money more in savings than to spend it on unnecessary items because of the fear of them losing their jobs and more.

Care Plan

Palliative care would allow the client to receive a combined and holistic approach for medications, equipment, unseeing, and symptom treatment all fascinated through one program. The community health nurse needs to be careful not to impose ones own perception about quality of life upon the client. With the experience of having helped both of my parents through the dying process, I know that it is important to separate my own experience and perceptions from those of my client. Just as each person takes on life with a different philosophy, so it goes with the dying process.The nurse must not assume that the patient's priorities are the same as his or hers. Open communication regarding the patient's wants and needs must be initiated. Though not all patients have had the time or skills to know how to deal with a terminal illness, one of the most important Jobs of the nurse is to connect the patient to the proper resources needed for navigating through the various aspects and stages of th eir disease process, and to do so without Judgment or bias. B. Many terminally ill patients begin to navigate through the stages of grief as outlined by Elisabeth Kibble-Ross.While caring for this client with a lingering terminal illness such as cancer, my first strategy would be to keep the lines of communication open, managing the patient's emotional and spiritual needs and outlining the stages of grief as the client progresses through them. By initiating a good line of communication, one can recognize and guide both Mr.. And Mrs.. Thomas through denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance (Kibble-Ross). It will be easier to better manage Mrs.. Thomas' physical needs if her psychological social needs have been addressed.My second strategy in helping to improve the quality of life for Mrs.. Thomas and her husband would be to manage Mrs.; Thomas' comfort. Working carefully with a palliative or hospice team to manage the physical discomforts of the tangent's illness, can gre atly increase quality of life. This is often a critical area of educating the patient on pain control. Patients are often afraid to take pain medications, and therapeutic communication is likely to be necessary. Monsoon). My third strategy would be to set up an interdisciplinary palliative care team to to manage the health of Mrs..Thomas. Terminal illness can be overwhelming for a family, where likely there are other factors – be it financial, familial, psychological, and no one person can manage it all. By working with the family to institute a good team or care, the burden can be lifted off the family and this will ideally allow them to care for their loved one without becoming burdened or overwhelmed. It is important to consult the family regarding any spiritual support that they would feel comforting. Is there a minister or spiritual guide currently in their life?If not, would they be open too visit from someone that is akin to their spiritual values? These are questions that should be carefully addressed. C. Nursing Care Plan for Mrs.. Thomas Assessment: Mrs.. Thomas is a 56 year-old female with a history of breast cancer. Mrs.. Thomas is aired with two grown sons, aged 28 and 30 both of which live out of state. Mrs.. Thomas has a strong familial history of braes cancer and one year ago, was treated for a malignant mass in her right breast.After a right mastectomy, chemotherapy and radiation six months ago, the cancer has now returned with subsequent right sided mastectomy, chemotherapy and radiation. The cancer has now metastasis's to the lungs and the prognosis is now deemed to be â€Å"poor† with â€Å"palliative care now being recommended†. (Task 2). Diagnosis Number One: Acute Pain related to incision secondary to surgical intervention as evidenced by tangent's visible discomfort/crying in bed, pallor, respirations, blood pressure and a report of 8/10 pain. Goal 1.Patient will verbalize a pain rating of 4 or less on a scale of 10 with each assessment. 2. Pain control as evidenced by patient demonstrating ability to use analgesics appropriately, use alternative non-analgesic relief, reported pain to be mild, relaxed body language, vital signs returning to normal Plan 1. Analgesic pain medication as prescribed by physician (Swearing) 2. Use of diversionary and or strategies to assist with pain (SHE Nursing Care Plan Guide) 3. Assist patient with positioning for comfort Implement .Evaluated effect of medication, utilize pain scale 2. Assessed effectiveness of diversionary strategies (SHE Nursing Care Plan Guide) 3. Assisted with position changes Diagnosis Number Two: Activity Intolerance related to generalized weakness as evidenced by increasing fatigue Goal 1. The nurse will help fascinate a physical therapist to help with mobility 2.. Will ambulate IX around block daily Patient 3.. Patient will fully participate in Tall's within physical limitations without dizziness or change in vital signs by 8/1/14 1 .Ass ess patient's level of mobility, educate within patient's capability 2. Assess nutritional status. Adequate energy reserves are required for activity. (Swearing) 3. Ambulate patient XX a day 1. Educated patient on benefits of mobility and the proper body mechanics for mobility 2. Encourage nutrition prior to activity and the proper body mechanics for mobility Monsoon) 3. Ambulated patient XX daily Diagnosis Number 3: Ineffective Coping related to financial burden and emotional impact of diagnosis on family as evidenced by patient's increasing isolation 1.Set up a quality interdisciplinary team incorporating counseling services for the family 2. Patient will demonstrate problem solving techniques Monsoon) 3. Patient ill verbalize acceptance of diagnosis 1. Patient will utilize available support systems and work with counselor for socio psych issues 2. Assist client to identify priorities and attainable goals as he/she starts to plan for necessary lifestyle and role changes 3. Perform actions to facilitate the grieving process (Elsevier) 1. Patient met with counseling services 2. Patient identified priorities and set goals 3.Patient demonstrated knowledge of the 5 stages of grief and how to work through them In order to optimize Mrs.. Thomas functional ability, the care team should strive for all three of the goals in her plan of care to be met. First of all, her pain needs to be managed so that manipulation can be successful, without discomfort. It is quite common for patients to be concerned about becoming addicted to pain medication as in the case of Mrs.. Thomas. Addiction is â€Å"psychological dependence† on a drug and is not the same as tolerance or physical dependence, according to Oncologist, DRP.Gary Johansson who states that â€Å"In fact, addiction is rare when avoids are used for pain relief†. With proper education and regularly scheduled pain medication, Mrs.. Thomas should be much more comfortable and able to manage other areas of he r life more successfully. Once Mrs.. Thomas' pain is under control, she will be able to work through many of the stresses that have mounted since her diagnosis. As Mrs.. Thomas disease progresses, there will come a time when she will no longer be able to care for herself. A new Plan of Care should be created and ready to transition to at that time.At this time the interdisciplinary team should consist of a hospice care which is generally implemented when a patient has less than 6 months to live. When hospice is begun, all care is transferred to the hospice team. New orders for care, medication, equipment will be set up and time is given to the family or supporting both the patient and their loved ones. Care will focus on making the most out of the time they have left, â€Å"without some of the negative side-effects that life prolonging treatments can have†. Monsoon).Most hospice patients can attain a level of comfort that allows them to â€Å"concentrate on the emotional and practical issues of dying†. Willet-Legislations). Mr.. Thomas is carrying a big physical and emotional burden during his wife's terminal illness. The Thomas family's case is complicated by Mr.. Thomas' chronic depression and high stress occupation. As Mrs.. Thomas' needs escalate and change, so do the needs of the Mr.. Thomas. By facilitating psychological help for Mr.. Thomas, the care team is in turn helping Mrs.. Thomas by easing her worries about her spouse.Patients and families need support, guidance, and encouragement to begin planning for many decisions. Many spouses are weighted with concern about the patients' comfort and impending death as well as every day problems. â€Å"This is an emotionally intense, exhausting, and singular experience, set in a world apart from everyday life patterns†. (Siegel). Mr.. Thomas needs to be reminded that in order to help care and be emotionally supportive to his wife, he needs to take care of himself. Medication reminders and grief support should be set up for Mr.. Thomas.Therapeutic conversation and guidance can make all the difference for the significant other off terminal patient. In addition, Mr.. Thomas needs respite care so that he can be fully present while caring for his wife. Mr.. Thomas should be encouraged to take a walk, a nap, or a restorative A care plan for Mr.. Thomas could be initiated with a nursing diagnosis of: Risk for Caregiver Role Strain. (SHE). Goal: Spouse will report low or no feelings of burden or distress by 8/01/14, measured by relief stated by spouse. Plan: Encourage the caregiver to talk about feelings, concerns, uncertainties, and fears. Care Plan Transition Nursing Process Discussion Group 3 Case Study Michael Martinez Is a 24-year-old Marine who was Involved In a motor vehicle accident (MBA) while on leave. His face hit the dashboard, resulting in a fracture of the mandible. Yesterday, he underwent a surgical incommensurable fixation, (wiring of the Jaw) for stabilization of the fracture. As a result of this surgery, he is unable to open his mouth and is limited to a liquid diet. The restricted diet will be necessary for 4 to 5 weeks until the fracture heals. One day post pop, his vital signs are 120/76, T-99. 2, P-82, and R- 20.After medication, is pain level is 3/10. With the exception of facial bruising, his appearance is within normal Limits, Steps of the Nursing Process Patient Information Assessment Objective and subjective data will be entered here. The database presented In the case study will be used. Data is collected and verified from the primary (apt. ) and the secondary (family, friends, health professionals, an d medical record). Analysis of this data provides the basis for development of the remaining steps in the nursing process. Subjective: Patient expresses disinterest in a liquid only diet Objective: wired Jaw Liquid diet Nursing DiagnosisAfter analyzing the assessment data, formulate a priority nursing diagnosis. Remember, a nursing diagnosis is a statement describing the patient's actual or potential response to a health problem that the nurse Is licensed and competent to treat. An actual diagnosis Is written In three parts: diagnostic label (problem) related to_ as evidenced/exhibited by_. A risk diagnosis is written in two parts: Risk for (diagnostic label) _ related to Nutrition: less than body requirements related to Inability to eat solid foods as evidenced by liquid diet post-surgery Planning Goals: Now is the time set patient centered goals.Here you will develop expected selection of interventions based on six important factors outlined in your text. Please write the interven tions you select below in implementation. Patient will be free of signs of malnutrition post dinner time each shift Implementation Here is where the nurse will carry out the plan of care. Then continue data collection and modify the plan of care as needed and document care provided. What nursing interventions will you provide to enhance patient outcomes? Assess patient's weight every shift Calculate bowel sounds Evaluate total daily food intake Provide high calorie, nutrient-rich dietary supplementsEvaluation The purpose of evaluation is to support the effectiveness of nursing practice which is patient-centered and patient-driven. This phase measures the patient's response to nursing interventions and progress towards achieving goals using five elements listed in the text. Did you achieve the goal for this nursing diagnosis? Will you continue the plan of care, revise the plan of care, or discontinue? Reassess patient's lab value daily for signs of malnutrition. If malnourished call health care provider for further orders Patient will weight within 10% of normal body weight every morning Care Plan A. Our client, Mrs.. Thomas has been given the unfortunate diagnosis of metastasis breast cancer. When considering the current and future needs of this client, significant thought and planning must be directed toward the client's level of well being. In the case off terminally ill patient, it is important to help facilitate a high quality of life that encompasses both physical and psychological health. I would recommend initiating palliative care for Mrs.. Thomas.Palliative care would allow the client to receive a combined and holistic approach for medications, equipment, unseeing, and symptom treatment all fascinated through one program. The community health nurse needs to be careful not to impose ones own perception about quality of life upon the client. With the experience of having helped both of my parents through the dying process, I know that it is important to separate my own experience and perceptions from those of my client. Just as each person takes on life with a differen t philosophy, so it goes with the dying process.The nurse must not assume that the patient's priorities are the same as his or hers. Open communication regarding the patient's wants and needs must be initiated. Though not all patients have had the time or skills to know how to deal with a terminal illness, one of the most important Jobs of the nurse is to connect the patient to the proper resources needed for navigating through the various aspects and stages of their disease process, and to do so without Judgment or bias. B. Many terminally ill patients begin to navigate through the stages of grief as outlined by Elisabeth Kibble-Ross.While caring for this client with a lingering terminal illness such as cancer, my first strategy would be to keep the lines of communication open, managing the patient's emotional and spiritual needs and outlining the stages of grief as the client progresses through them. By initiating a good line of communication, one can recognize and guide both Mr.. And Mrs.. Thomas through denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance (Kibble-Ross). It will be easier to better manage Mrs.. Thomas' physical needs if her psychological social needs have been addressed.My second strategy in helping to improve the quality of life for Mrs.. Thomas and her husband would be to manage Mrs.; Thomas' comfort. Working carefully with a palliative or hospice team to manage the physical discomforts of the tangent's illness, can greatly increase quality of life. This is often a critical area of educating the patient on pain control. Patients are often afraid to take pain medications, and therapeutic communication is likely to be necessary. Monsoon). My third strategy would be to set up an interdisciplinary palliative care team to to manage the health of Mrs..Thomas. Terminal illness can be overwhelming for a family, where likely there are other factors – be it financial, familial, psychological, and no one person can manage it all. By working w ith the family to institute a good team or care, the burden can be lifted off the family and this will ideally allow them to care for their loved one without becoming burdened or overwhelmed. It is important to consult the family regarding any spiritual support that they would feel comforting. Is there a minister or spiritual guide currently in their life?If not, would they be open too visit from someone that is akin to their spiritual values? These are questions that should be carefully addressed. C. Nursing Care Plan for Mrs.. Thomas Assessment: Mrs.. Thomas is a 56 year-old female with a history of breast cancer. Mrs.. Thomas is aired with two grown sons, aged 28 and 30 both of which live out of state. Mrs.. Thomas has a strong familial history of braes cancer and one year ago, was treated for a malignant mass in her right breast.After a right mastectomy, chemotherapy and radiation six months ago, the cancer has now returned with subsequent right sided mastectomy, chemotherapy an d radiation. The cancer has now metastasis's to the lungs and the prognosis is now deemed to be â€Å"poor† with â€Å"palliative care now being recommended†. (Task 2). Diagnosis Number One: Acute Pain related to incision secondary to surgical intervention as evidenced by tangent's visible discomfort/crying in bed, pallor, respirations, blood pressure and a report of 8/10 pain. Goal 1.Patient will verbalize a pain rating of 4 or less on a scale of 10 with each assessment. 2. Pain control as evidenced by patient demonstrating ability to use analgesics appropriately, use alternative non-analgesic relief, reported pain to be mild, relaxed body language, vital signs returning to normal Plan 1. Analgesic pain medication as prescribed by physician (Swearing) 2. Use of diversionary and or strategies to assist with pain (SHE Nursing Care Plan Guide) 3. Assist patient with positioning for comfort Implement .Evaluated effect of medication, utilize pain scale 2. Assessed effectiv eness of diversionary strategies (SHE Nursing Care Plan Guide) 3. Assisted with position changes Diagnosis Number Two: Activity Intolerance related to generalized weakness as evidenced by increasing fatigue Goal 1. The nurse will help fascinate a physical therapist to help with mobility 2.. Will ambulate IX around block daily Patient 3.. Patient will fully participate in Tall's within physical limitations without dizziness or change in vital signs by 8/1/14 1 .Assess patient's level of mobility, educate within patient's capability 2. Assess nutritional status. Adequate energy reserves are required for activity. (Swearing) 3. Ambulate patient XX a day 1. Educated patient on benefits of mobility and the proper body mechanics for mobility 2. Encourage nutrition prior to activity and the proper body mechanics for mobility Monsoon) 3. Ambulated patient XX daily Diagnosis Number 3: Ineffective Coping related to financial burden and emotional impact of diagnosis on family as evidenced by p atient's increasing isolation 1.Set up a quality interdisciplinary team incorporating counseling services for the family 2. Patient will demonstrate problem solving techniques Monsoon) 3. Patient ill verbalize acceptance of diagnosis 1. Patient will utilize available support systems and work with counselor for socio psych issues 2. Assist client to identify priorities and attainable goals as he/she starts to plan for necessary lifestyle and role changes 3. Perform actions to facilitate the grieving process (Elsevier) 1. Patient met with counseling services 2. Patient identified priorities and set goals 3.Patient demonstrated knowledge of the 5 stages of grief and how to work through them In order to optimize Mrs.. Thomas functional ability, the care team should strive for all three of the goals in her plan of care to be met. First of all, her pain needs to be managed so that manipulation can be successful, without discomfort. It is quite common for patients to be concerned about bec oming addicted to pain medication as in the case of Mrs.. Thomas. Addiction is â€Å"psychological dependence† on a drug and is not the same as tolerance or physical dependence, according to Oncologist, Dry.Gary Johansson who states that â€Å"In fact, addiction is rare when avoids are used for pain relief†. With proper education and regularly scheduled pain medication, Mrs.. Thomas should be much more comfortable and able to manage other areas of her life more successfully. Once Mrs.. Thomas' pain is under control, she will be able to work through many of the stresses that have mounted since her diagnosis. As Mrs.. Thomas disease progresses, there will come a time when she will no longer be able to care for herself. A new Plan of Care should be created and ready to transition to at that time.At this time the interdisciplinary team should consist of a hospice care which is generally implemented when a patient has less than 6 months to live. When hospice is begun, all c are is transferred to the hospice team. New orders for care, medication, equipment will be set up and time is given to the family or supporting both the patient and their loved ones. Care will focus on making the most out of the time they have left, â€Å"without some of the negative side-effects that life prolonging treatments can have†. Monsoon).Most hospice patients can attain a level of comfort that allows them to â€Å"concentrate on the emotional and practical issues of dying†. Willet-Legislations). Mr.. Thomas is carrying a big physical and emotional burden during his wife's terminal illness. The Thomas family's case is complicated by Mr.. Thomas' chronic depression and high stress occupation. As Mrs.. Thomas' needs escalate and change, so do the needs of the Mr.. Thomas. By facilitating psychological help for Mr.. Thomas, the care team is in turn helping Mrs.. Thomas by easing her worries about her spouse.Patients and families need support, guidance, and encour agement to begin planning for many decisions. Many spouses are weighted with concern about the patients' comfort and impending death as well as every day problems. â€Å"This is an emotionally intense, exhausting, and singular experience, set in a world apart from everyday life patterns†. (Siegel). Mr.. Thomas needs to be reminded that in order to help care and be emotionally supportive to his wife, he needs to take care of himself. Medication reminders and grief support should be set up for Mr.. Thomas.Therapeutic conversation and guidance can make all the difference for the significant other off terminal patient. In addition, Mr.. Thomas needs respite care so that he can be fully present while caring for his wife. Mr.. Thomas should be encouraged to take a walk, a nap, or a restorative A care plan for Mr.. Thomas could be initiated with a nursing diagnosis of: Risk for Caregiver Role Strain. (SHE). Goal: Spouse will report low or no feelings of burden or distress by 8/01/14 , measured by relief stated by spouse. Plan: Encourage the caregiver to talk about feelings, concerns, uncertainties, and fears.Acknowledge the frustration associated with caregiver responsibilities. Initiate counseling. 2. Help the caregiver problem solve to meet his needs. 3. Set up medication reminders for psychological medications. Implement: 1. Patient openly discusses concerns, uncertainties and fears (SHE). Patient acknowledges frustrations associated with his caregiver responsibilities. Patient attends counseling. 2. Patient participates in problem solving to meet his needs. 3. Patient follows medication reminders and takes medications for his depression. Care Plan A. Our client, Mrs.. Thomas has been given the unfortunate diagnosis of metastasis breast cancer. When considering the current and future needs of this client, significant thought and planning must be directed toward the client's level of well being. In the case off terminally ill patient, it is important to help facilitate a high quality of life that encompasses both physical and psychological health. I would recommend initiating palliative care for Mrs.. Thomas.Palliative care would allow the client to receive a combined and holistic approach for medications, equipment, unseeing, and symptom treatment all fascinated through one program. The community health nurse needs to be careful not to impose ones own perception about quality of life upon the client. With the experience of having helped both of my parents through the dying process, I know that it is important to separate my own experience and perceptions from those of my client. Just as each person takes on life with a differen t philosophy, so it goes with the dying process.The nurse must not assume that the patient's priorities are the same as his or hers. Open communication regarding the patient's wants and needs must be initiated. Though not all patients have had the time or skills to know how to deal with a terminal illness, one of the most important Jobs of the nurse is to connect the patient to the proper resources needed for navigating through the various aspects and stages of their disease process, and to do so without Judgment or bias. B. Many terminally ill patients begin to navigate through the stages of grief as outlined by Elisabeth Kibble-Ross.While caring for this client with a lingering terminal illness such as cancer, my first strategy would be to keep the lines of communication open, managing the patient's emotional and spiritual needs and outlining the stages of grief as the client progresses through them. By initiating a good line of communication, one can recognize and guide both Mr.. And Mrs.. Thomas through denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance (Kibble-Ross). It will be easier to better manage Mrs.. Thomas' physical needs if her psychological social needs have been addressed.My second strategy in helping to improve the quality of life for Mrs.. Thomas and her husband would be to manage Mrs.; Thomas' comfort. Working carefully with a palliative or hospice team to manage the physical discomforts of the tangent's illness, can greatly increase quality of life. This is often a critical area of educating the patient on pain control. Patients are often afraid to take pain medications, and therapeutic communication is likely to be necessary. Monsoon). My third strategy would be to set up an interdisciplinary palliative care team to to manage the health of Mrs..Thomas. Terminal illness can be overwhelming for a family, where likely there are other factors – be it financial, familial, psychological, and no one person can manage it all. By working w ith the family to institute a good team or care, the burden can be lifted off the family and this will ideally allow them to care for their loved one without becoming burdened or overwhelmed. It is important to consult the family regarding any spiritual support that they would feel comforting. Is there a minister or spiritual guide currently in their life?If not, would they be open too visit from someone that is akin to their spiritual values? These are questions that should be carefully addressed. C. Nursing Care Plan for Mrs.. Thomas Assessment: Mrs.. Thomas is a 56 year-old female with a history of breast cancer. Mrs.. Thomas is aired with two grown sons, aged 28 and 30 both of which live out of state. Mrs.. Thomas has a strong familial history of braes cancer and one year ago, was treated for a malignant mass in her right breast.After a right mastectomy, chemotherapy and radiation six months ago, the cancer has now returned with subsequent right sided mastectomy, chemotherapy an d radiation. The cancer has now metastasis's to the lungs and the prognosis is now deemed to be â€Å"poor† with â€Å"palliative care now being recommended†. (Task 2). Diagnosis Number One: Acute Pain related to incision secondary to surgical intervention as evidenced by tangent's visible discomfort/crying in bed, pallor, respirations, blood pressure and a report of 8/10 pain. Goal 1.Patient will verbalize a pain rating of 4 or less on a scale of 10 with each assessment. 2. Pain control as evidenced by patient demonstrating ability to use analgesics appropriately, use alternative non-analgesic relief, reported pain to be mild, relaxed body language, vital signs returning to normal Plan 1. Analgesic pain medication as prescribed by physician (Swearing) 2. Use of diversionary and or strategies to assist with pain (SHE Nursing Care Plan Guide) 3. Assist patient with positioning for comfort Implement .Evaluated effect of medication, utilize pain scale 2. Assessed effectiv eness of diversionary strategies (SHE Nursing Care Plan Guide) 3. Assisted with position changes Diagnosis Number Two: Activity Intolerance related to generalized weakness as evidenced by increasing fatigue Goal 1. The nurse will help fascinate a physical therapist to help with mobility 2.. Will ambulate IX around block daily Patient 3.. Patient will fully participate in Tall's within physical limitations without dizziness or change in vital signs by 8/1/14 1 .Assess patient's level of mobility, educate within patient's capability 2. Assess nutritional status. Adequate energy reserves are required for activity. (Swearing) 3. Ambulate patient XX a day 1. Educated patient on benefits of mobility and the proper body mechanics for mobility 2. Encourage nutrition prior to activity and the proper body mechanics for mobility Monsoon) 3. Ambulated patient XX daily Diagnosis Number 3: Ineffective Coping related to financial burden and emotional impact of diagnosis on family as evidenced by p atient's increasing isolation 1.Set up a quality interdisciplinary team incorporating counseling services for the family 2. Patient will demonstrate problem solving techniques Monsoon) 3. Patient ill verbalize acceptance of diagnosis 1. Patient will utilize available support systems and work with counselor for socio psych issues 2. Assist client to identify priorities and attainable goals as he/she starts to plan for necessary lifestyle and role changes 3. Perform actions to facilitate the grieving process (Elsevier) 1. Patient met with counseling services 2. Patient identified priorities and set goals 3.Patient demonstrated knowledge of the 5 stages of grief and how to work through them In order to optimize Mrs.. Thomas functional ability, the care team should strive for all three of the goals in her plan of care to be met. First of all, her pain needs to be managed so that manipulation can be successful, without discomfort. It is quite common for patients to be concerned about bec oming addicted to pain medication as in the case of Mrs.. Thomas. Addiction is â€Å"psychological dependence† on a drug and is not the same as tolerance or physical dependence, according to Oncologist, Dry.Gary Johansson who states that â€Å"In fact, addiction is rare when avoids are used for pain relief†. With proper education and regularly scheduled pain medication, Mrs.. Thomas should be much more comfortable and able to manage other areas of her life more successfully. Once Mrs.. Thomas' pain is under control, she will be able to work through many of the stresses that have mounted since her diagnosis. As Mrs.. Thomas disease progresses, there will come a time when she will no longer be able to care for herself. A new Plan of Care should be created and ready to transition to at that time.At this time the interdisciplinary team should consist of a hospice care which is generally implemented when a patient has less than 6 months to live. When hospice is begun, all c are is transferred to the hospice team. New orders for care, medication, equipment will be set up and time is given to the family or supporting both the patient and their loved ones. Care will focus on making the most out of the time they have left, â€Å"without some of the negative side-effects that life prolonging treatments can have†. Monsoon).Most hospice patients can attain a level of comfort that allows them to â€Å"concentrate on the emotional and practical issues of dying†. Willet-Legislations). Mr.. Thomas is carrying a big physical and emotional burden during his wife's terminal illness. The Thomas family's case is complicated by Mr.. Thomas' chronic depression and high stress occupation. As Mrs.. Thomas' needs escalate and change, so do the needs of the Mr.. Thomas. By facilitating psychological help for Mr.. Thomas, the care team is in turn helping Mrs.. Thomas by easing her worries about her spouse.Patients and families need support, guidance, and encour agement to begin planning for many decisions. Many spouses are weighted with concern about the patients' comfort and impending death as well as every day problems. â€Å"This is an emotionally intense, exhausting, and singular experience, set in a world apart from everyday life patterns†. (Siegel). Mr.. Thomas needs to be reminded that in order to help care and be emotionally supportive to his wife, he needs to take care of himself. Medication reminders and grief support should be set up for Mr.. Thomas.Therapeutic conversation and guidance can make all the difference for the significant other off terminal patient. In addition, Mr.. Thomas needs respite care so that he can be fully present while caring for his wife. Mr.. Thomas should be encouraged to take a walk, a nap, or a restorative A care plan for Mr.. Thomas could be initiated with a nursing diagnosis of: Risk for Caregiver Role Strain. (SHE). Goal: Spouse will report low or no feelings of burden or distress by 8/01/14 , measured by relief stated by spouse. Plan: Encourage the caregiver to talk about feelings, concerns, uncertainties, and fears.Acknowledge the frustration associated with caregiver responsibilities. Initiate counseling. 2. Help the caregiver problem solve to meet his needs. 3. Set up medication reminders for psychological medications. Implement: 1. Patient openly discusses concerns, uncertainties and fears (SHE). Patient acknowledges frustrations associated with his caregiver responsibilities. Patient attends counseling. 2. Patient participates in problem solving to meet his needs. 3. Patient follows medication reminders and takes medications for his depression.